Hwɛ beaɛ a ɔnyaa Fɔɔso

{| class="infobox"
! id="6" class="infobox-above" |Fɔɔso
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| id="9" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Force_examples.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Force_examples.svg|200x200px]]<div id="10" class="infobox-caption">Yɛka fɔɔso a, ɛkyerɛ yɛtwe anaa yɛpia adeɛ bi. Ɛbɛtumi anam nneɛma bi te sɛ [[:en:Gravity|gravity]], [[:en:Magnetism|magnetism]], anaa biribi a ɛtumi ma maase (mass) nante anaa ɛtu anammɔn.</div>
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!<div id="17" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ahyɛnsodeɛ Ahodoɔ</div>
|<math>\vec F</math>, ''<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">F</span>'', <span class="texhtml">'''F'''</span>
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![[:en:SI unit|SI unit]]
|[[:en:Newton (unit)|newton]] (N)
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!<div id="30" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Unite a ɛkeka ho</div>
|[[:en:Dyne|dyne]], [[:en:Pound-force|pound-force]], [[:en:Poundal|poundal]], [[:en:Kip (unit)|kip]], [[:en:Kilopond|kilopond]]
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!Wɔ [[:en:SI base unit|SI&nbsp;base units]]
|[[:en:Kilogram|kg]]·[[:en:Metre|m]]·[[:en:Second|s]]<sup>−2</sup>
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!<div id="50" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Dɛribahyin a ɛfiri ade dodoɔ a aka mu </div>
|<span class="texhtml">'''F''' = ''[[:en:Mass|m]]''[[:en:Acceleration|'''a''']]</span>
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|Ɛfa a ɔka serise wɔ 
|<math>\mathsf{L} \mathsf{M} \mathsf{T}^{-2}</math>
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![[:en:Classical mechanics|Classical mechanics]]
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|<math>\textbf{F} = \frac{d}{dt} (m\textbf{v})</math><div id="76" class="sidebar-caption" style="font-size:90%;padding:0.6em 0;font-style:italic;">[[:en:Second law of motion|Second law of motion]]</div>
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!<div id="81" class="hlist">
* [[:en:History of classical mechanics|History]]
* [[:en:Timeline of classical mechanics|Timeline]]
* [[:en:List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics|Textbooks]]
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|<div id="94" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="95" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Nkorabata Ahodoɔ</div><div id="97" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div id="98" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Applied mechanics|Applied]]
* [[:en:Celestial mechanics|Celestial]]
* [[:en:Continuum mechanics|Continuum]]
* [[:en:Analytical dynamics|Dynamics]]
* [[:en:Kinematics|Kinematics]]
* [[:en:Kinetics (physics)|Kinetics]]
* [[:en:Statics|Statics]]
* [[:en:Statistical mechanics|Statistical mechanics]]
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|<div id="126" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="127" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Nyinnasoɔ Ahodoɔ</div><div id="129" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div id="130" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Acceleration|Acceleration]]
* [[:en:Angular momentum|Angular momentum]]
* [[:en:Couple (mechanics)|Couple]]
* [[:en:D'Alembert's principle|D'Alembert's principle]]
* [[:en:Energy|Energy]]
** [[:en:Kinetic energy#Newtonian kinetic energy|kinetic]]
** [[:en:Potential energy|potential]]
* [[:en:Force|Force]]
* [[:en:Frame of reference|Frame of reference]]
* [[:en:Inertial frame of reference|Inertial frame of reference]]
* [[:en:Impulse (physics)|Impulse]]
* <span class="nowrap">[[:en:Inertia|Inertia]]&nbsp;/&#x20;[[:en:Moment of inertia|Moment of inertia]]</span>
* [[:en:Mass|Mass]]
* [[:en:Power (physics)|Mechanical power]]
* [[:en:Work (physics)|Mechanical work]]
* [[:en:Moment (physics)|Moment]]
* [[:en:Momentum|Momentum]]
* [[:en:Space|Space]]
* [[:en:Speed|Speed]]
* [[:en:Time|Time]]
* [[:en:Torque|Torque]]
* [[:en:Velocity|Velocity]]
* [[:en:Virtual work|Virtual work]]
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|<div id="205" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="206" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Fɔmulehyin Ahodoɔ</div><div id="208" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;">
* <div id="211" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">'''[[:en:Newton's laws of motion|Newton's laws of motion]]'''</div>
* <div id="215" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">'''[[:en:Analytical mechanics|Analytical mechanics]]'''<div id="218" class="plainlist">
* [[:en:Lagrangian mechanics|Lagrangian mechanics]]
* [[:en:Hamiltonian mechanics|Hamiltonian mechanics]]
* [[:en:Routhian mechanics|Routhian mechanics]]
* [[:en:Hamilton–Jacobi equation|Hamilton–Jacobi equation]]
* [[:en:Appell's equation of motion|Appell's equation of motion]]
* [[:en:Koopman–von Neumann classical mechanics|Koopman–von Neumann mechanics]] </div></div>
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|<div id="240" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="241" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Adesuadeɛ Atitire</div><div id="243" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div id="244" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Damping|Damping]]
* [[:en:Displacement (geometry)|Displacement]]
* [[:en:Equations of motion|Equations of motion]]
* [[:en:Euler's laws of motion|Euler's laws of motion]]
* [[:en:Fictitious force|Fictitious force]]
* [[:en:Friction|Friction]]
* [[:en:Harmonic oscillator|Harmonic oscillator]]
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* <span class="nowrap">[[:en:Inertial frame of reference|Inertial]]&nbsp;/&#x20;[[:en:Non-inertial reference frame|Non-inertial reference frame]]</span>
* [[:en:Mechanics of planar particle motion|Mechanics of planar particle motion]]

<div id="275" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Motion|Motion]]&nbsp;([[:en:Linear motion|linear]])
* [[:en:Newton's law of universal gravitation|Newton's law of universal gravitation]]
* [[:en:Newton's laws of motion|Newton's laws of motion]]
* [[:en:Relative velocity|Relative velocity]]
* [[:en:Rigid body|Rigid body]]
** [[:en:Rigid body dynamics|dynamics]]
** [[:en:Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics)|Euler's equations]]
* [[:en:Simple harmonic motion|Simple harmonic motion]]
* [[:en:Vibration|Vibration]]
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|<div id="308" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="309" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Rotehyin</div><div id="312" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div id="313" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Circular motion|Circular motion]]
* [[:en:Rotating reference frame|Rotating reference frame]]
* [[:en:Centripetal force|Centripetal force]]
* [[:en:Centrifugal force|Centrifugal force]]
** [[:en:Reactive centrifugal force|reactive]]
* [[:en:Coriolis force|Coriolis force]]
* [[:en:Pendulum (mechanics)|Pendulum]]
* [[:en:Tangential speed|Tangential speed]]
* [[:en:Rotational frequency|Rotational frequency]]
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* [[:en:Angular acceleration|Angular acceleration]]&nbsp;/&#x20;[[:en:Angular displacement|displacement]]&nbsp;/&#x20;[[:en:Angular frequency|frequency]]&nbsp;/&#x20;[[:en:Angular velocity|velocity]]
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|<div id="352" class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div data-darkreader-inline-border-bottom="" id="353" class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;text-align:center;">Abɔdeɛ Mu Nyansapɛfoɔ</div><div id="355" class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div id="356" class="hlist">
* [[:en:Johannes Kepler|Kepler]]
* [[:en:Galileo Galilei|Galileo]]
* [[:en:Christiaan Huygens|Huygens]]
* [[:en:Isaac Newton|Newton]]
* [[:en:Jeremiah Horrocks|Horrocks]]
* [[:en:Edmond Halley|Halley]]
* [[:en:Pierre Louis Maupertuis|Maupertuis]]
* [[:en:Daniel Bernoulli|Daniel Bernoulli]]
* [[:en:Johann Bernoulli|Johann Bernoulli]]
* [[:en:Leonhard Euler|Euler]]
* [[:en:Jean le Rond d'Alembert|d'Alembert]]
* [[:en:Alexis Clairaut|Clairaut]]
* [[:en:Joseph-Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]]
* [[:en:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Laplace]]
* [[:en:William Rowan Hamilton|Hamilton]]
* [[:en:Siméon Denis Poisson|Poisson]]
* [[:en:Augustin-Louis Cauchy|Cauchy]]
* [[:en:Edward Routh|Routh]]
* [[:en:Joseph Liouville|Liouville]]
* [[:en:Paul Émile Appell|Appell]]
* [[:en:Josiah Willard Gibbs|Gibbs]]
* [[:en:Bernard Koopman|Koopman]]
* [[:en:John von Neumann|von Neumann]]
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* <span class="nowrap">[[File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]]&nbsp;[[:en:Portal:Physics|Physics&#x20;portal]]</span>
* <span class="nowrap">[[File:Symbol_category_class.svg|link=|alt=|class=noviewer|16x16px|Category]]&nbsp;[[:en:Category:Classical mechanics|Category]]</span>
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Wɔ [[Abɔde mu Nneɛma Ho Adesua|abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma]] ho adesua mu no, '''fɔɔso (force)''' yɛ nkɛntɛnsoɔ a ebetumi ama [[Honam fam ade|adeɛ bi]] asesa n'[[Ahoɔhare a wɔde yɛ adwuma|ahoɔhare]] kyerɛ sɛ, ayɛ [[Fa ahoɔhare yɛ|ntɛmntɛm]], gye sɛ fɔɔso '''(force)''' afoforo kari pɛ. Adwene a ɛne sɛ ahoɔden wɔ hɔ no ma da biara da adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛpia anaasɛ wɔbɛtwe no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ akontaabuo mu. Ɛsiane sɛ fɔɔso [[Euclidean a ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa|kɛse]]<nowiki/>ɛ ne [[Akwankyerɛ (geometry, asase ho adesua) .|n'akwankyerɛ]] nyinaa ho hia nti, fɔɔso yɛ [[Vector (geometrie) .|vɛketa]](vector) dodow. Wɔ susu no wɔ [[Newton (ade biako) .|newton (N)]] [[SI unit no|SI unit]]  mu na wɔtaa de agyiraehyɛdeɛ '''F''' na ɛgyina hɔ ma no.

Fɔɔso di dwuma titire wɔ tete mfidie nnwuma mu, na ɛkyerɛ wɔ [[Newton mmara a ɛfa kankyee ho|Newton mmara abiɛsa a ɛfa moohyin ho]] [[Ɔdodoɔ|no nyinaa mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ fɔɔso a ɛwɔ adeɛ bi so no ne adeɛ no kɛse]]<nowiki/>ɛ [[Adeyɛ (akontaabu) .|ne]] [[Ahoɔhare a wɔde yɛ adwuma|mmrikatuo]] a ɛfa mu no aba yɛ pɛ. Fɔɔso ahodoɔ a wɔtaa hyia wɔ tete mfidie nnwuma mu no bi ne [[Elasticity (abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ) .|elastic]], [[Akasakasa|frictional]], [[Ahoɔden a ɛyɛ daa|contact anaa "normal" fɔɔso]], ne [[Tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam|gravitational]] . Fɔɔso '''(force)''' a ɛkyinkyini twa ne ho ne [[Torque a wɔde yɛ adwuma|torque]], a ɛma [[Angular ahoɔhare|nsakrae ba ahoɔhare a adeɛ bi de twa ne ho]]  no mu. Wɔ adeɛ bi a ne kɛseɛ no damɛhyin (dimension) yɛ baako anaa deɛ ɛboro saa mu no, ɔfa biara taa de fɔɔso  di afa ahodoɔ a ɛbɛn ho no so; tumi a ɛtete saa a wɔkyekyɛ fa adeɛ no mu no ne internal [[:en:Stress (mechanics)|mechanical stress]] ɛwɔ adeɛ no mu no. Saa internal [[:en:Stress (mechanics)|mechanical stress]] a ɛte saa no mma saa adeɛ no nkɔ ntɛmntɛm berɛ a tumi ahodoɔ no kari pɛ no. Prɛhya(Pressure), tumi nketenkete pii a wɔde di dwuma wɔ adeɛ bi fa bi a wɔkyekyɛ no yɛ nhyɛsoɔ a ɛnyɛ den a sɛ ankari pɛ a ebetumi ama adeɛ no atu mmrika. Mpɛn pii no, nhyɛsoɔ ma nneɛma a ɛyɛ den no sɛe, anaasɛ ɛsene kɔ yɔɔ wɔ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den fam. Wɔ [[Nnɛyi abɔde mu nneɛma ho adesua|nnɛ yi abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ mu no]], a relativity ne quantum mfiridie dwuma ho nimdeɛ ka ho mu no, wɔayɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ mmara a ɛfa moohyin ho no mu ma wɔde wɔn ho to [[:en:Fundamental interactions|fundamental interactions]] so sɛ ɛno ne baabi a fɔɔso firi baeɛ, nanso fɔɔso ho ntease a tete mfidedwuma de ma no da so ara yɛ deɛ mfasoɔ wɔ so  koraa sɛ wɔde di dwuma ankasa.

== Nkɔso a ɛba wɔ adwene no mu ==
Nyansapɛfo a wɔtraa [[Tete tete nneɛma|ase tete]] no de tumi ho adwene dii dwuma wɔ nneɛma a [[Dynamics (abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ) .|egyina]] [[Statics a ɛwɔ hɔ|hɔ]] na ɛkeka ne [[Afiri a ɛnyɛ den|mfiri a ɛnyɛ den]] ho adesua mu, nanso adwenkyerɛfo te sɛ [[Aristotle na ɔkyerɛwee|Aristotle]] ne [[Archimedes na ɔkyerɛwee|Archimedes]] kuraa mfomso atitiriw a ɛwɔ tumi ntease mu no mu. Wɔ ɔfa bi mu no, na eyi fi ntease a enni mũ a na wɔwɔ wɔ tumi a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi wɔ [[Akasakasa|apereperedi mu]] no ho na nea efi mu ba ne adwene a ɛnsɛ a wonyae wɔ sɛnea abɔde mu kankyee te ho.<ref name="Archimedes2">{{cite book|last=Heath|first=Thomas L.|author-link=Thomas Heath (classicist)|url=https://archive.org/details/worksofarchimede029517mbp|title=The Works of Archimedes|via=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=2007-10-14|year=1897}}</ref> Mfomso titiriw bi ne gyidi a ɛne sɛ ahoɔden bi ho hia na ama watumi akɔ so akanyan, wɔ ahoɔhare a ɛkɔ so daa mpo mu. Awiei koraa no [[Galileo Galilei na ɔkyerɛwee|Galileo Galilei]] ne [[Owura Isaac Newton na ɔkyerɛwee|Sir Isaac Newton]] na wosiesiee ntease a ɛnteɛ a na wɔwɔ kan wɔ kankyee ne ahoɔden ho no mu dodow no ara . Newton nam ne akontaabu mu nhumu so hyehyɛɛ [[Newton mmara a ɛfa kankyee ho|kankyee ho mmara]] a wɔantu mpɔn bɛboro mfe ahanu.<ref name="uniphysics_ch2">{{cite book|title=University Physics|last1=Sears|first1=Francis W.|last2=Zemansky|first2=Mark W.|last3=Young|first3=Hugh D.|author-link1=Francis Sears|author-link2=Mark Zemansky|author-link3=Hugh D. Young|title-link=University Physics|pages=18–38|publisher=Addison-Wesley|edition=6th|year=1982|isbn=0-201-07199-1}}</ref>

Eduu afeha a ɛto so 20 mfiase no, [[Albert Einstein na ɔkyerɛwee|Einstein]] yɛɛ [[Nsusuwii a ɛfa relativity ho|nsusuwii]] bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea tumi ahorow no bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma a ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛbɛn hann ahoɔhare so no ho nkɔm yiye na ɛmaa wohuu tumi a tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam ne nea entumi [[Inertia a ɛnyɛ adwuma|nyɛ adwuma no]] nso de ba no ho nhumu . Esiane sɛ wɔanya nnɛyi nhumu wɔ [[Quantum mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ|quantum mfiridwuma]] ne mfiridwuma a ebetumi ama nneɛma nketenkete a ɛbɛn hann ahoɔhare ayɛ ntɛmntɛm nti, [[abɔde mu nneɛma nketenkete]] ayɛ [[Nhwɛsode a Wɔde Di Dwuma|Standard Model]] a wɔde bɛkyerɛkyerɛ tumi ahorow a ɛda nneɛma nketenkete a ɛsua sen atɔm ntam. [[Nhwɛsode a Wɔde Di Dwuma|Standard Model no]] hyɛ nkɔm sɛ nneɛma nketenkete a wɔasesa a wɔfrɛ no [[Gauge boson a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho|gauge bosons]] ne akwan titiriw a wɔfa so yi tumi ahorow fi mu na wɔtwetwe. Nkitahodi atitiriw anan pɛ na wonim: sɛnea ahoɔden so tew no, ɛne: [[Ahoɔden a emu yɛ den|ahoɔden]], [[Electromagnetic tumi a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden|anyinam ahoɔden]], [[Tumi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw|mmerɛw]], ne [[tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam]] .<ref name="FeynmanVol1">{{harvnb|Feynman volume 1}}</ref> : 1 . 2-10 na ɛwɔ hɔ <ref name="Kleppner">{{harvnb|Kleppner|Kolenkow|2010}}</ref> : 1 . 79. Nkyekyɛm [[Ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ|Ahoɔden kɛse mu nneɛma nketenkete abɔde mu]] [[Ahwɛeɛ|nneɛma]] a wɔhwɛɛ wɔ 1970 ne 1980 mfe no mu no sii so dua sɛ tumi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ [[Ɛlektrik a ɛyɛ mmerɛw|nkitahodi a]] ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse a ɛda adi.<ref name="final theory">{{cite book|last=Weinberg|first=S.|year=1994|title=Dreams of a Final Theory|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-679-74408-5}}</ref>

== Nsusuwii ahorow a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Newton reba ==
[[File:Aristoteles_Louvre2.jpg|thumb|[[Aristotle na ɔkyerɛwee|Aristotle]] kaa fɔɔso ho asɛm sɛ biribiara a ɛma ade bi kɔ "moohyin a ɛnyɛ abɔdeɛ mu deɛ".]]
Efi tete no wɔagye tumi ho adwene atom sɛ ade titiriw a ɛma [[Afiri a ɛnyɛ den|mfiri a ɛnyɛ den]] no mu biara yɛ adwuma . [[Mfiridwuma mu mfaso]] a afiri a ɛnyɛ den de mae no maa wotumi de ahoɔden kakraa bi dii dwuma de sesaa saa tumi a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ akyirikyiri kɛse ma [[Adwuma (abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ) .|adwuma]] dodow koro no ara . Awiei koraa no tumi ahorow su ho nhwehwɛmu kowiee [[Archimedes na ɔkyerɛwee|Archimedes]] a ogyee din titiriw sɛ ɔyɛɛ [[Tumi a ɛma ahoɔden|tumi ahorow]] a ɛsensɛn nsu a ɛwɔ [[Nsudeɛ|nsu mu no]] ho aduruyɛ mu no adwuma mu .<ref name="Archimedes2"/> [[Aristotle na ɔkyerɛwee|Aristotle]] de [[Nyansapɛ mu nsɛm|nyansapɛ mu]] nkɔmmɔbɔ bi mae wɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ tumi bi yɛ [[Abɔde mu Nneɛma Ho Adesua (Aristotle) .|Aristotle amansan ho adesua]] fa titiriw no ho . Wɔ Aristotle adwene mu no, na [[Classical element|nneɛma]] anan a ɛba sɛ ɛbɛhome wɔ "abɔde mu mmeae" ahorow wɔ mu wɔ asase so kurukuruwa no mu. Na Aristotle gye di sɛ nneɛma a enhinhim wɔ Asase so, nea nneɛma a ɛyɛ asase ne nsu na ɛwom no mu dodow no ara wɔ wɔn abɔde mu baabi bere a ɛwɔ fam no, na sɛ wogyaw wɔn nkutoo a, ɛtra hɔ saa. Ɔkyerɛɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda awosu mu su a nneɛma wɔ sɛ wɔbɛhunu wɔn "abɔdeɛ mu beaeɛ" (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, sɛ nipadua a emu yɛ duru bɛhwe ase), a ɛde "abɔdeɛ mu kankyee" ba, ne kankyee a ɛnyɛ abɔdeɛ mu anaasɛ wɔhyɛ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔkɔ so de tumi bi di dwuma no ntam.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lang|first=Helen S.|title=The order of nature in Aristotle's physics : place and the elements|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521624534|edition=}}</ref> Saa nsusuwii yi a egyina da biara da osuahu a ɛfa sɛnea nneɛma tu ho, te sɛ tumi bi a ehia a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa na ama teaseɛnam akɔ so akɔ so no, nyaa adwene mu ɔhaw wɔ akontaabu mu wɔ sɛnea [[Projectile a wɔde tu mmirika|agyan]], te sɛ agyan a ɛtu no yɛ adwuma ho. Obi a ɔtow agyan ma agyan no tu wɔ wimhyɛn no mfiase, na afei ɛde po so hyɛn fa wim ɛwom mpo sɛ ade a etu mpɔn biara a wotumi hu nyɛ adwuma wɔ so de. Na Aristotle nim ɔhaw yi na ɔhyɛɛ nyansa sɛ mframa a ɛtu fa ɔtopae no kwan so no de ɔtopae no kɔ nea ɛrekɔ so no so. Saa nkyerɛkyerɛmu yi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ade a ɛkɔ so te sɛ mframa di dwuma na ama kankyee no akɔ so.<ref name="Hetherington">{{cite book|first=Norriss S.|last=Hetherington|title=Cosmology: Historical, Literary, Philosophical, Religious, and Scientific Perspectives|page=[https://archive.org/details/cosmologyhistori0000unse/page/100 100]|publisher=Garland Reference Library of the Humanities|year=1993|isbn=978-0-8153-1085-3|url=https://archive.org/details/cosmologyhistori0000unse/page/100}}</ref> Ɛwom sɛ wɔkasa tiaa [[Aristotle abɔde mu nneɛma ho adesua|Aristotle abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ]] wɔ afeha a ɛto so 6 mu tɔnn de, nanso <ref>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Sorabji|chapter=John Philoponus|title=Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science|jstor=44216227|year=2010|edition=2nd|publisher=Institute of Classical Studies, University of London|isbn=978-1-905-67018-5|oclc=878730683|page=47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Anneliese|last=Maier|author-link=Anneliese Maier|title=On the Threshold of Exact Science|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1982|editor-first=Steven D.|editor-last=Sargent|isbn=978-0-812-27831-6|oclc=495305340|page=79}}</ref> na wɔrensiesie ne sintɔ ahorow no kosii afeha a ɛto so 17 adwuma a [[Galileo Galilei na ɔkyerɛwee|Galileo Galilei]], a mfinimfini mmere no awiei adwene a ɛne sɛ nneɛma a ɛhyɛ obi so no kura tumi bi a efi awosu mu no nyaa no so nkɛntɛnso no a [[Nkannyan ho nsusuwii|ɛkanyan obi]] . Galileo yɛɛ sɔhwɛ bi a wɔde abo ne aprɛm nyinaa guu baabi a ɛkɔ fam de kyerɛe sɛ [[Aristotle nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛfa tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam ho|Aristotle nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛfa kankyee ho no]] nyɛ nokware . Ɔkyerɛe sɛ tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam na ɛma nipadua ahorow no yɛ ntɛmntɛm kodu baabi a ɛnyɛ wɔn kɛse na ɔkyerɛe sɛ nneɛma kura wɔn [[Ahoɔhare a wɔde yɛ adwuma|ahoɔhare]] mu gye sɛ tumi bi na ɛyɛ adwuma, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, [[Akasakasa|friction]] .<ref name="Galileo">{{cite book|last=Drake|first=Stillman|year=1978|title=Galileo At Work|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-16226-5}}</ref> Galileo adwene a ɛne sɛ ahoɔden ho hia na ama wɔasesa kankyee mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so akura mu, a [[Isaac Beeckman na ɔkyerɛwee|Isaac Beeckman]], [[René Descartes na ɔkyerɛwee|René Descartes]], ne [[Pierre Gassendi na ɔkyerɛwee|Pierre Gassendi]], maa no nyaa nkɔso kɛse no bɛyɛɛ Newton abɔde mu nneɛma ho adesua nnyinasosɛm titiriw.<ref>{{Cite book|last=LoLordo|first=Antonia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182818133|title=Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-511-34982-9|location=New York|pages=175–180|oclc=182818133}}</ref> Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 mfiase, ansa na Newton ''[[Nyansapɛæ Naturalis Principia Nkontaabu|Principia]]'' reba no, asɛmfua "tumi" ( Latin: ''vis'' ) no dii dwuma wɔ honam fam ne nea ɛnyɛ honam fam nneɛma pii ho, s.e., sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a asɛm bi bɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nea efi point mass ne ne ahoɔhare ahinanan mu ba no din ''vis''  (ahoɔden a ɛte ase) a [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz na ɔkyerɛwee|Leibniz kyerɛwee]] . Nnɛyi adwene a ɛfa tumi ho no ne Newton vis motrix no hyia</link> (ahoɔden a ɛma ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm).<ref>{{Cite book|author-link1=Vladimir Arnold|first1=V. I.|last1=Arnold|first2=V. V.|last2=Kozlov|first3=A. I.|last3=Neishtadt|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16404140|chapter=Mathematical aspects of classical and celestial mechanics|title=Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, Dynamical Systems III|volume=3|date=1988|publisher=Springer-Verlag|others=Anosov, D. V.|isbn=0-387-17002-2|location=Berlin|oclc=16404140}}</ref>